Visual Studio使用Git忽略不想上傳到遠程倉庫的文件
作者：大姚
廢話不多說，直接進入正題。我們日常在使用Visual Studio開發相關的.NET項目時，經常會發現剛拉取下拉的代碼什么都沒有改動，就是運行了一下就會產生一些需要提交的文件，比如說最常見的bin/Debug, bin/Release，obj/Debug，obj/Release文件。
前言
作為一個.NET開發者而言，有著宇宙最強IDE：Visual Studio加持，讓我們的開發效率得到了更好的提升。我們不需要擔心環境變量的配置和其他代碼管理工具，因為Visual Studio有著眾多的拓展工具。廢話不多說，直接進入正題。我們日常在使用Visual Studio開發相關的.NET項目時，經常會發現剛拉取下拉的代碼什么都沒有改動，就是運行了一下就會產生一些需要提交的文件，比如說最常見的bin/Debug, bin/Release，obj/Debug，obj/Release文件。但是我不想把這些文件提交到遠程的git代碼遠程倉庫中去，其實這個很簡單只需要我們在初次創建項目的時候在項目目錄下新增一個忽略文本文件（.gitignore），然后在使用git推送到遠程倉庫中就好了。
需要忽略提交的文件
圖片
配置.gitignore忽略文件，忽略不需要提交的文件
添加Visual Studio的.gitgnore模板到項目中
圖片
C#/.NET/.NET Core相關項目的忽略文件模板(VisualStudio.gitignore)
只要是使用VisualStudio開發的項目都可以使用該模板。
- VisualStudio.gitignore模板GitHub開源地址（該項目中有眾多的編程語言或IDE相關.gitgnore配置，可以下載下來直接使用）：https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
##
## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/VisualStudio.gitignore
# User-specific files
*.rsuser
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates
# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
*.userprefs
# Mono auto generated files
mono_crash.*
# Build results
[Dd]ebug/
[Dd]ebugPublic/
[Rr]elease/
[Rr]eleases/
x64/
x86/
[Ww][Ii][Nn]32/
[Aa][Rr][Mm]/
[Aa][Rr][Mm]64/
bld/
[Bb]in/
[Oo]bj/
[Ll]og/
[Ll]ogs/
# Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
.vs/
# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
#wwwroot/
# Visual Studio 2017 auto generated files
Generated\ Files/
# MSTest test Results
[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
# NUnit
*.VisualState.xml
TestResult.xml
nunit-*.xml
# Build Results of an ATL Project
[Dd]ebugPS/
[Rr]eleasePS/
dlldata.c
# Benchmark Results
BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
# .NET Core
project.lock.json
project.fragment.lock.json
artifacts/
# ASP.NET Scaffolding
ScaffoldingReadMe.txt
# StyleCop
StyleCopReport.xml
# Files built by Visual Studio
*_i.c
*_p.c
*_h.h
*.ilk
*.meta
*.obj
*.iobj
*.pch
*.pdb
*.ipdb
*.pgc
*.pgd
*.rsp
*.sbr
*.tlb
*.tli
*.tlh
*.tmp
*.tmp_proj
*_wpftmp.csproj
*.log
*.tlog
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
.builds
*.pidb
*.svclog
*.scc
# Chutzpah Test files
_Chutzpah*
# Visual C++ cache files
ipch/
*.aps
*.ncb
*.opendb
*.opensdf
*.sdf
*.cachefile
*.VC.db
*.VC.VC.opendb
# Visual Studio profiler
*.psess
*.vsp
*.vspx
*.sap
# Visual Studio Trace Files
*.e2e
# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
$tf/
# Guidance Automation Toolkit
*.gpState
# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
_ReSharper*/
*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
*.DotSettings.user
# TeamCity is a build add-in
_TeamCity*
# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
*.dotCover
# AxoCover is a Code Coverage Tool
.axoCover/*
!.axoCover/settings.json
# Coverlet is a free, cross platform Code Coverage Tool
coverage*.json
coverage*.xml
coverage*.info
# Visual Studio code coverage results
*.coverage
*.coveragexml
# NCrunch
_NCrunch_*
.*crunch*.local.xml
nCrunchTemp_*
# MightyMoose
*.mm.*
AutoTest.Net/
# Web workbench (sass)
.sass-cache/
# Installshield output folder
[Ee]xpress/
# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
DocProject/buildhelp/
DocProject/Help/*.HxT
DocProject/Help/*.HxC
DocProject/Help/*.hhc
DocProject/Help/*.hhk
DocProject/Help/*.hhp
DocProject/Help/Html2
DocProject/Help/html
# Click-Once directory
publish/
# Publish Web Output
*.[Pp]ublish.xml
*.azurePubxml
# Note: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings,
# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
*.pubxml
*.publishproj
# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
# in these scripts will be unencrypted
PublishScripts/
# NuGet Packages
*.nupkg
# NuGet Symbol Packages
*.snupkg
# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
**/[Pp]ackages/*
# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!**/[Pp]ackages/build/
# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/[Pp]ackages/repositories.config
# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
*.nuget.props
*.nuget.targets
# Microsoft Azure Build Output
csx/
*.build.csdef
# Microsoft Azure Emulator
ecf/
rcf/
# Windows Store app package directories and files
AppPackages/
BundleArtifacts/
Package.StoreAssociation.xml
_pkginfo.txt
*.appx
*.appxbundle
*.appxupload
# Visual Studio cache files
# files ending in .cache can be ignored
*.[Cc]ache
# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
!?*.[Cc]ache/
# Others
ClientBin/
~$*
*~
*.dbmdl
*.dbproj.schemaview
*.jfm
*.pfx
*.publishsettings
orleans.codegen.cs
# Including strong name files can present a security risk
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/2483#issue-259490424)
#*.snk
# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
#bower_components/
# RIA/Silverlight projects
Generated_Code/
# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
# because we have git ;-)
_UpgradeReport_Files/
Backup*/
UpgradeLog*.XML
UpgradeLog*.htm
ServiceFabricBackup/
*.rptproj.bak
# SQL Server files
*.mdf
*.ldf
*.ndf
# Business Intelligence projects
*.rdl.data
*.bim.layout
*.bim_*.settings
*.rptproj.rsuser
*- [Bb]ackup.rdl
*- [Bb]ackup ([0-9]).rdl
*- [Bb]ackup ([0-9][0-9]).rdl
# Microsoft Fakes
FakesAssemblies/
# GhostDoc plugin setting file
*.GhostDoc.xml
# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
.ntvs_analysis.dat
node_modules/
# Visual Studio 6 build log
*.plg
# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
*.opt
# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
*.vbw
# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated project file (contains which files were open etc.)
*.vbp
# Visual Studio 6 workspace and project file (working project files containing files to include in project)
*.dsw
*.dsp
# Visual Studio 6 technical files
*.ncb
*.aps
# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
_Pvt_Extensions
# Paket dependency manager
.paket/paket.exe
paket-files/
# FAKE - F# Make
.fake/
# CodeRush personal settings
.cr/personal
# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
__pycache__/
*.pyc
# Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
# tools/**
# !tools/packages.config
# Tabs Studio
*.tss
# Telerik's JustMock configuration file
*.jmconfig
# BizTalk build output
*.btp.cs
*.btm.cs
*.odx.cs
*.xsd.cs
# OpenCover UI analysis results
OpenCover/
# Azure Stream Analytics local run output
ASALocalRun/
# MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
*.binlog
# NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
*.nvuser
# MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder
.mfractor/
# Local History for Visual Studio
.localhistory/
# Visual Studio History (VSHistory) files
.vshistory/
# BeatPulse healthcheck temp database
healthchecksdb
# Backup folder for Package Reference Convert tool in Visual Studio 2017
MigrationBackup/
# Ionide (cross platform F# VS Code tools) working folder
.ionide/
# Fody - auto-generated XML schema
FodyWeavers.xsd
# VS Code files for those working on multiple tools
.vscode/*
!.vscode/settings.json
!.vscode/tasks.json
!.vscode/launch.json
!.vscode/extensions.json
*.code-workspace
# Local History for Visual Studio Code
.history/
# Windows Installer files from build outputs
*.cab
*.msi
*.msix
*.msm
*.msp
# JetBrains Rider
*.sln.iml.gitignore忽略規則
基本語法：
- 以”#”號開頭表示注釋；
- 以斜杠“/”開頭表示目錄；
- 以星號“*”通配多個字符；
- 以問號“?”通配單個字符；
- 以方括號“[]”包含單個字符的匹配列表；
- 以嘆號“!”表示不忽略(跟蹤)匹配到的文件或目錄；
- 此外，git 對于 .ignore 配置文件是按行從上到下進行規則匹配的，意味著如果前面的規則匹配的范圍更大，則后面的規則將不會生效；
代碼示例
# 此為注釋 – 將被 Git 忽略
*.a # 忽略所有 .a 結尾的文件
!lib.a # 但 lib.a 除外
/TODO # 僅僅忽略項目根目錄下的 TODO 文件，不包括 subdir/TODO
build/ # 忽略 build/ 目錄下的所有文件
doc/*.txt # 會忽略 doc/notes.txt 但不包括 doc/server/arch.txt處理已提交到遠程倉庫中的文件
可能在開發的時候忘記添加忽略文件配置（gitignore），把這些文件推送到遠程倉庫中，我們有以下兩種做法解決：
- 1、把本地這些文件刪除再提交到遠端（前提是這些文件是環境變量文件，假如是無法自動生成的不推薦）。
- 2、使用以下git 命令：
//當我們需要刪除暫存區或分支上的文件, 但本地又需要使用, 只是不希望這個文件被版本控制, 可以使用
git rm -r --cached file_path（文件路徑） //把file_path文件在當前分支的暫存區中刪除
git add . //提交當前操作本地暫存區
git commit -m 'delete remote somefile' //提交到本地git倉庫
git push //提交到遠程代碼庫如我需要移除某個項目中的obj文件然后提交：
該文件路徑為：D:\開發學習-Master\我的訓練營\DailyLearning\工作&學習.Net訓練營\Application\obj
輸入以下命令移除相關不需要跟蹤的文件：
git rm -r --cached Application/obj執行成功后，文件將從該分支中刪除（本地還會存在），最后我們提交到遠程倉庫即可。
圖片
圖片
責任編輯：武曉燕
來源：
追逐時光者
