ELK Stack生產實踐——Python操作Elasticsearch
作者：崔亮的博客
我們除了可以使用kibana頁面管理操作ElasticSearch外，elasticsearch還支持通過SDK和RESTful API接口進行操作。通過sdk我們可以非常便捷的將我們的項目與elasticsearch對接，實現數據的增刪改查。通過API接口我們可以對elasticsearch集群進行一些例如索引調整、集群故障處理等進階操作。
安裝與連接
安裝
使用pip安裝Elasticsearch的Python 客戶端，pip包版本要與ES版本保持一致。
pip install elasticsearch==8.8.2elasticsearch支持多種證書和身份認證方式，接下來演示幾種常用連接認證方式。
使用CA證書+Basic Auth連接
指定CA證書路徑為certs/http_ca.crt，代碼如下所示：
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka'),
)
def info(self):
logger.info(self.client.info())
def disconnect(self):
self.client.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
es.info()
es.disconnect()點擊執行后，控制臺成功打印了當前es的信息
2023-08-07 16:08:31.743 | INFO | __main__:info:14 - {'name': 'f70457f06c3c', 'cluster_name': 'docker-cluster', 'cluster_uuid': 'JhbjrKJzTVqXlkpHWDFhFg', 'version': {'number': '8.8.2', 'build_flavor': 'default', 'build_type': 'docker', 'build_hash': '98e1271edf932a480e4262a471281f1ee295ce6b', 'build_date': '2023-06-26T05:16:16.196344851Z', 'build_snapshot': False, 'lucene_version': '9.6.0', 'minimum_wire_compatibility_version': '7.17.0', 'minimum_index_compatibility_version': '7.0.0'}, 'tagline': 'You Know, for Search'}使用證書指紋+Basic Auth連接
生成證書指紋
(venv) ? pythonProject openssl x509 -fingerprint -sha256 -noout -in certs/http_ca.crt
sha256 Fingerprint=B2:DD:C4:5B:F1:C9:9B:B0:4E:6C:63:A9:FF:80:EC:CF:03:EF:66:80:12:94:9B:70:98:74:B6:93:BA:03:BC:DB指定使用證書指紋連接ES，代碼如下所示：
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ssl_assert_fingerprint="B2:DD:C4:5B:F1:C9:9B:B0:4E:6C:63:A9:FF:80:EC:CF:03:EF:66:80:12:94:9B:70:98:74:B6:93:BA:03:BC:DB",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka'),
)
def info(self):
logger.info(self.client.info())
def disconnect(self):
self.client.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
es.info()
es.disconnect()使用CA證書+token連接
使用devtools工具，在enterprise-search-server服務賬號下創建一個名為python-client的額令牌，發送如下請求：
# 請求
POST /_security/service/elastic/enterprise-search-server/credential/token/python-client
# 響應
{
"created": true,
"token": {
"name": "python-client",
"value": "AAEAAWVsYXN0aWMvZW50ZXJwcmlzZS1zZWFyY2gtc2VydmVyL3B5dGhvbi1jbGllbnQ6V2hMRDBVa2lRbWl0dWVicnJhY21WUQ"
}
}指定認證方式為token認證，并使用CA證書，代碼如下：
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
bearer_auth="AAEAAWVsYXN0aWMvZW50ZXJwcmlzZS1zZWFyY2gtc2VydmVyL3B5dGhvbi1jbGllbnQ6V2hMRDBVa2lRbWl0dWVicnJhY21WUQ"
)
def info(self):
logger.info(self.client.info())
def disconnect(self):
self.client.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
es.info()
es.disconnect()使用CA證書+key連接
在kibana的API密鑰界面，點擊創建API密鑰。
圖片
創建完成后，點擊復制密鑰內容。
圖片
指定認證方式為api_key認證，并使用CA證書，代碼如下：
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
api_key="RXEwNHo0a0I2RlZiUXBkYUt0UkI6RFBFc2NBbG9RZ0tmRzZabVZkSjI4UQ=="
)
def info(self):
logger.info(self.client.info())
def disconnect(self):
self.client.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
es.info()
es.disconnect()客戶端基礎操作
查詢結果統計
例如查詢指定時間范圍內access_status值為502、503、504的記錄條數。
先在devtools調試查詢語句，查詢語句如下
GET logs-myapp-default/_count
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": [
{
"terms": {
"access_status": [
"502",
"503",
"504"
]
}
},
{
"range": {
"@timestamp": {
"gte": "2023-08-07T17:20:00.000+08:00",
"lt": "2023-08-07T17:30:00.000+08:00"
}
}
}
]
}
}
}代碼如下
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def query_count(self, index: str, query: dict) -> None:
"""
DSL查詢結果統計
:param index:查詢索引
:param query: 查詢語句
:return: 查詢結果統計
"""
result = self.client.count(index=index, query=query)
logger.info(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
query = {"bool": {"filter": [{"terms": {"access_status": ["502", "503", "504"]}}, {
"range": {"@timestamp": {"gte": "2023-08-07T17:20:00.000+08:00", "lt": "2023-08-07T17:30:00.000+08:00"}}}]}}
es.query_count('logs-myapp-default', query)運行結果如下，從結果字段可知，符合查詢條件的文檔總計173條。
2023-08-07 17:57:47.533 | INFO | __main__:query_count:21 - {'count': 173, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}}DSL查詢
Python客戶端同樣也支持靈活的DSL查詢，與7X版本的sdk區別在于，之前版本的查詢語句直接傳入body參數即可，在8X版本需要分別傳入query、sort、size等參數。
例如查詢指定時間范圍內access_status值為502、503、504的記錄條數，并按@timestamp排序，返回前20條記錄。
查詢語句如下
GET logs-myapp-default/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": [
{
"terms": {
"access_status": [
"502",
"503",
"504"
]
}
},
{
"range": {
"@timestamp": {
"gte": "2023-08-07T17:20:00.000+08:00",
"lt": "2023-08-07T17:30:00.000+08:00"
}
}
}
]
}
},
"sort": [
{
"@timestamp": {
"order": "asc"
}
}
],
"size": 20
}代碼如下
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def query_dsl(self, index: str, query: dict, sort: list, size: int) -> None:
"""
獲取DSL查詢結果的內容
:param index:查詢索引
:param query:查詢語句
:param sort:排序參數
:param size:分頁參數
:return:
"""
result = self.client.search(index=index, query=query, sort=sort, size=size)
logger.info(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
query = {"bool": {"filter": [{"terms": {"access_status": ["502", "503", "504"]}}, {
"range": {"@timestamp": {"gte": "2023-08-07T17:20:00.000+08:00", "lt": "2023-08-07T17:30:00.000+08:00"}}}]}}
sort = [{"@timestamp": {"order": "asc"}}]
es.query_dsl('logs-myapp-default', query, sort, 20)運行結果如下
2023-08-07 18:09:43.781 | INFO | __main__:query_dsl:23 - {'took': 15, 'timed_out': False, '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0}, 'hits': {'total': {'value': 173, 'relation': 'eq'}, 'max_score': None, 'hits': [{'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': '5K5Lz4kB6FVbQpda6wfv', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:04.706', 'server_name': 'cu-7.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Chicago', 'ip': '148.158.17.189', 'latitude': 37.751, 'country_name': 'United States', 'country_code2': 'US', 'country_code3': 'US', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'location': {'lon': -97.822, 'lat': 37.751}, 'longitude': -97.822}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:03.852+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'POST', 'remote_address': '148.158.17.189', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:04.706 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'POST', 'request_uri': '/account/', 'request_length': 89, 'remote_address': '148.158.17.189', 'server_name': 'cu-7.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:03.852+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:04.961+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/account/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:20:05.532Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 89, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:04.961+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400005532]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'A65Lz4kB6FVbQpda-wie', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:09.377', 'server_name': 'cu-6.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Chicago', 'ip': '149.136.192.44', 'latitude': 37.751, 'country_name': 'United States', 'country_code2': 'US', 'country_code3': 'US', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'location': {'lon': -97.822, 'lat': 37.751}, 'longitude': -97.822}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:08.499+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '149.136.192.44', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:09.377 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/management/', 'request_length': 64, 'remote_address': '149.136.192.44', 'server_name': 'cu-6.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:08.499+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:09.780+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; MX10 PRO) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.71 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/management/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; MX10 PRO) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.71 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:20:09.542Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 64, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:09.780+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400009542]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'DK5Mz4kB6FVbQpdaBwhh', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:12.298', 'server_name': 'cu-1.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Chicago', 'ip': '173.36.186.69', 'latitude': 37.751, 'country_name': 'United States', 'country_code2': 'US', 'country_code3': 'US', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'location': {'lon': -97.822, 'lat': 37.751}, 'longitude': -97.822}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:11.384+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'PUT', 'remote_address': '173.36.186.69', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:12.298 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'PUT', 'request_uri': '/public/', 'request_length': 84, 'remote_address': '173.36.186.69', 'server_name': 'cu-1.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:11.384+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:12.385+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/public/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:20:12.554Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 84, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:12.385+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400012554]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'Da5Mz4kB6FVbQpdaBwhh', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:12.491', 'server_name': 'cu-3.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Chicago', 'ip': '173.159.200.4', 'latitude': 37.751, 'country_name': 'United States', 'country_code2': 'US', 'country_code3': 'US', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'location': {'lon': -97.822, 'lat': 37.751}, 'longitude': -97.822}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:12.470+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 502, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '173.159.200.4', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:12.491 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 502, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/account/', 'request_length': 52, 'remote_address': '173.159.200.4', 'server_name': 'cu-3.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:12.470+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:13.423+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/account/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:20:12.555Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 52, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:13.423+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400012555]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'Za5Mz4kB6FVbQpdaNgiZ', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:23.636', 'server_name': 'cm-1.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Chicago', 'latitude': 29.7009, 'ip': '129.106.215.14', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'city_name': 'Houston', 'country_code2': 'US', 'dma_code': 618, 'country_name': 'United States', 'country_code3': 'US', 'location': {'lon': -95.5885, 'lat': 29.7009}, 'region_name': 'Texas', 'postal_code': '77072', 'longitude': -95.5885, 'region_code': 'TX'}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:23.511+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '129.106.215.14', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:23.636 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/login/', 'request_length': 21, 'remote_address': '129.106.215.14', 'server_name': 'cm-1.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:23.511+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:24.535+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Safari 11\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0.1 Safari/604.3.5'}", 'request_uri': '/login/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Safari 11\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0.1 Safari/604.3.5', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:20:24.582Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 21, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:24.535+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400024582]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'ja5Mz4kB6FVbQpdaRggO', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:28.093', 'server_name': 'cu-6.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'Australia/Sydney', 'ip': '143.238.52.149', 'latitude': -33.494, 'country_name': 'Australia', 'country_code2': 'AU', 'country_code3': 'AU', 'continent_code': 'OC', 'location': {'lon': 143.2104, 'lat': -33.494}, 'longitude': 143.2104}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:27.507+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 502, 'request_method': 'POST', 'remote_address': '143.238.52.149', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:28.093 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 502, 'request_method': 'POST', 'request_uri': '/public/', 'request_length': 51, 'remote_address': '143.238.52.149', 'server_name': 'cu-6.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:27.507+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:28.906+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/93.0.4577.58 Safari/537.36 Edg/93.0.961.33'}", 'request_uri': '/public/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/93.0.4577.58 Safari/537.36 Edg/93.0.961.33', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:20:28.592Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 51, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:28.906+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400028592]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'q65Mz4kB6FVbQpdaTQje', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:20:30.567', 'server_name': 'cu-5.cn', 'geoip': {}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:30.142+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '127.0.208.73', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:20:30.567 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/account/', 'request_length': 80, 'remote_address': '127.0.208.73', 'server_name': 'cu-5.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:20:30.142+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:20:31.493+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; 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Win64; x64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/78.0'}", 'request_uri': '/login/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Firefox 7\tMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/78.0', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:21:02.670Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 74, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:01.948+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400062670]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'Aa5Mz4kB6FVbQpda0gr7', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:21:03.941', 'server_name': 'cu-8.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'Asia/Shanghai', 'ip': '220.114.225.226', 'latitude': 34.7732, 'country_name': 'China', 'country_code2': 'CN', 'country_code3': 'CN', 'continent_code': 'AS', 'location': {'lon': 113.722, 'lat': 34.7732}, 'longitude': 113.722}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:03.054+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '220.114.225.226', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:21:03.941 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/account/', 'request_length': 76, 'remote_address': '220.114.225.226', 'server_name': 'cu-8.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:03.054+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:04.733+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/account/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:21:04.672Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 76, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:04.733+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400064672]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'Jq5Mz4kB6FVbQpda3grC', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:21:06.812', 'server_name': 'cu-8.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'Asia/Tokyo', 'latitude': 36.7024, 'ip': '219.124.94.98', 'continent_code': 'AS', 'city_name': 'Toyama', 'country_code2': 'JP', 'country_name': 'Japan', 'country_code3': 'JP', 'location': {'lon': 137.2198, 'lat': 36.7024}, 'region_name': 'Toyama', 'postal_code': '930-0855', 'longitude': 137.2198, 'region_code': '16'}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:06.656+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'POST', 'remote_address': '219.124.94.98', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:21:06.812 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'POST', 'request_uri': '/account/', 'request_length': 95, 'remote_address': '219.124.94.98', 'server_name': 'cu-8.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:06.656+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:07.345+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Safari 11\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0.1 Safari/604.3.5'}", 'request_uri': '/account/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Safari 11\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0.1 Safari/604.3.5', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:21:07.676Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 95, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:07.345+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400067676]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'L65Mz4kB6FVbQpda7gpa', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:21:11.256', 'server_name': 'cu-5.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Toronto', 'ip': '198.168.208.16', 'latitude': 43.6319, 'country_name': 'Canada', 'country_code2': 'CA', 'country_code3': 'CA', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'location': {'lon': -79.3716, 'lat': 43.6319}, 'longitude': -79.3716}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:10.726+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '198.168.208.16', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:21:11.256 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/login/', 'request_length': 96, 'remote_address': '198.168.208.16', 'server_name': 'cu-5.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:10.726+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:11.828+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/login/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:21:11.682Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 96, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:11.828+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400071682]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'NK5Mz4kB6FVbQpda8go-', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:21:12.392', 'server_name': 'cu-2.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'America/Chicago', 'ip': '129.176.58.105', 'latitude': 37.751, 'country_name': 'United States', 'country_code2': 'US', 'country_code3': 'US', 'continent_code': 'NA', 'location': {'lon': -97.822, 'lat': 37.751}, 'longitude': -97.822}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:11.822+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '129.176.58.105', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:21:12.392 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 503, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/public/', 'request_length': 61, 'remote_address': '129.176.58.105', 'server_name': 'cu-2.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:11.822+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:13.259+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Mobile Safari\\tMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_4_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1'}", 'request_uri': '/public/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Mobile Safari\tMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_4_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:21:12.683Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 61, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:13.259+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400072683]}, {'_index': '.ds-logs-myapp-default-2023.08.03-000001', '_id': 'Ya5Mz4kB6FVbQpda_Qr6', '_score': None, '_source': {'log_timestamp': '2023-08-07 17:21:14.724', 'server_name': 'cu-8.cn', 'geoip': {'timezone': 'Europe/Rome', 'latitude': 40.9986, 'ip': '151.26.7.206', 'continent_code': 'EU', 'city_name': 'Toritto', 'country_code2': 'IT', 'country_name': 'Italy', 'country_code3': 'IT', 'location': {'lon': 16.6867, 'lat': 40.9986}, 'region_name': 'Bari', 'postal_code': '70020', 'longitude': 16.6867, 'region_code': 'BA'}, 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:14.339+08:00', 'level': 'error', 'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'remote_address': '151.26.7.206', 'message': "2023-08-07 17:21:14.724 | ERROR | __main__:debug_log:46 - {'access_status': 504, 'request_method': 'GET', 'request_uri': '/public/', 'request_length': 31, 'remote_address': '151.26.7.206', 'server_name': 'cu-8.cn', 'time_start': '2023-08-07T17:21:14.339+08:00', 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:15.448+08:00', 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\\tMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; MX10 PRO) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.71 Safari/537.36'}", 'request_uri': '/public/', 'tags': ['beats_input_codec_plain_applied'], 'http_user_agent': 'Chrome 9\tMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; MX10 PRO) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.71 Safari/537.36', 'input': {'type': 'log'}, '@timestamp': '2023-08-07T09:21:15.686Z', 'ecs': {'version': '8.0.0'}, 'request_length': 31, 'time_finish': '2023-08-07T17:21:15.448+08:00', 'data_stream': {'namespace': 'default', 'type': 'logs', 'dataset': 'myapp'}, 'host': {'name': '14f718adaba9'}, '@version': '1', 'class': '__main__:debug_log:46'}, 'sort': [1691400075686]}]}}插入單條(索引)
往ES中插入數據時，如果索引不存在，會自動幫我們創建索引，使用動態mapping。
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def insert_data(self, index: str, data: dict) -> None:
"""
ES中插入單條數據
:param index: 索引
:param data: 數據內容
:return:
"""
logger.info(self.client.index(index=index, document=data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
data = {"username": "alex", "age": 30}
es.insert_data('user-info', data)結果
2023-08-07 20:09:23.146 | INFO | __main__:insert_data:20 - {'_index': 'user-info', '_id': 'cNnmz4kBX4TmJtcG5aps', '_version': 1, 'result': 'created', '_shards': {'total': 2, 'successful': 1, 'failed': 0}, '_seq_no': 0, '_primary_term': 1}discover查看
圖片
插入數據(數據流)
插入數據后默認會新建一個索引，如果需要插入數據到數據流中，可以通過以下兩種方式，但前提插入內容中必須有@timestamp字段，內容為標準UTC時間格式，示例數據如下：
{'username': 'alex', 'age': 30, '@timestamp': '2023-08-08T00:29:12.045Z'}按數據流標準名稱格式插入數據
數據流標準名稱格式為data_stream_type(數據流類型，目前僅支持這幾種logs、metrics、synthetics、traces)-data_stream_dataset(數據流數據集，自定義字符串)-data_stream_namespace(數據流命名空間。默認為default)。例如插入的索引名稱為logs-userinfo-test，示例代碼如下：
from datetime import datetime
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def insert_data(self, index: str, data: dict) -> None:
"""
ES中插入單條數據
:param index: 索引
:param data: 數據內容
:return:
"""
logger.info(self.client.index(index=index, document=data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
data = {"username": "alex", "age": 30, "@timestamp": datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3] + "Z"}
logger.info(data)
es.insert_data('logs-userinfo-test', data)查看數據流信息
圖片
配置數據流模板后插入
如果有自定義命名需求的話，可以提前創建數據流模板，然后再插入數據到自定義的數據流名稱下。
# 創建數據流模板
PUT _index_template/user_info
{
"index_patterns": ["user_info*"],
"data_stream": { },
"template": {}
}插入數據到user_info中
from datetime import datetime
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def insert_data(self, index: str, data: dict) -> None:
"""
ES中插入單條數據
:param index: 索引
:param data: 數據內容
:return:
"""
logger.info(self.client.index(index=index, document=data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
data = {"username": "alex", "age": 30, "@timestamp": datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3] + "Z"}
logger.info(data)
es.insert_data('user_info', data)效果如下
圖片
批量插入操作與上面類似。
更新
更新數據時，只需要指定索引名稱和文檔id以及文檔內容即可。
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def update(self, index: str, id: str, data: dict) -> None:
"""
ES中插入單條數據
:param index: 索引
:param index: 文檔ID
:param data: 數據內容
:return:
"""
logger.info(self.client.update(index=index, id=id, doc=data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
data = {"username": "tom", "age": 35}
es.update('user-info', 'cNnmz4kBX4TmJtcG5aps', data)執行結果
2023-08-07 20:10:46.965 | INFO | __main__:update:21 - {'_index': 'user-info', '_id': 'cNnmz4kBX4TmJtcG5aps', '_version': 2, 'result': 'updated', '_shards': {'total': 2, 'successful': 1, 'failed': 0}, '_seq_no': 4, '_primary_term': 1}discover查看
圖片
刪除
刪除數據時，只需要指定索引名稱和文檔id即可。
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def delete(self, index: str, id: str) -> None:
"""
ES中插入單條數據
:param index: 索引
:param index: 文檔ID
:return:
"""
logger.info(self.client.delete(index=index, id=id))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
es.delete('user-info', 'cNnmz4kBX4TmJtcG5aps')結果
2023-08-07 20:11:18.312 | INFO | __main__:delete:20 - {'_index': 'user-info', '_id': 'cNnmz4kBX4TmJtcG5aps', '_version': 3, 'result': 'deleted', '_shards': {'total': 2, 'successful': 1, 'failed': 0}, '_seq_no': 5, '_primary_term': 1}discover
圖片
客戶端進階操作
針對ES的其他常用操作，官方為我們提供了幫助程序函數的集合，這些函數抽象了一些 原始 API 的細節，需要注意的是，當我們需要傳入DSL查詢語句時，helpers模塊傳的還是原來的body參數。
滾動查詢全部
如果數據滿足條件的數據較多，想獲取全部數據，可采用如下方法：
- size值調整超大：不夠靈活，數據量較大時容易查詢超時。
- page+size參數查詢：查詢第n頁數據實際上es是把前n頁的數據全部找出來，再去除前n-1頁最后得到需要的數據返回，查最后一頁就相當于全掃描，效率低下。
- 滾動查詢：也叫游標查詢，非常適合大批量數據查詢。
接下來我們helpers來實現滾動查詢，代碼如下：
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def query_scan(self, index: str, query: dict) -> None:
"""
獲取DSL滾動查詢結果的內容
:param index:查詢索引
:param query:查詢語句
:return:
"""
result = helpers.scan(self.client, query=query, index=index, scroll='2m', size=1000)
data = []
for i in result:
data.append(i)
logger.info(data)
logger.info(len(data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
query = {"query": {"bool": {"filter": [{"terms": {"access_status": ["502", "503", "504"]}}, {
"range": {"@timestamp": {"gte": "2023-08-07T17:20:00.000+08:00", "lt": "2023-08-07T17:30:00.000+08:00"}}}]}}}
sort = [{"@timestamp": {"order": "asc"}}]
es.query_scan('logs-myapp-default', query)結果
2023-08-08 15:37:17.207 | INFO | __main__:query_scan:24 - [查詢結果列表]
2023-08-08 15:37:17.215 | INFO | __main__:query_scan:25 - 173批量插入
我們經常有往ES集群寫入數據的需求，使用elasticsearch包只能單條逐個寫入，性能非常低下。此時可以借助helpers包實現數據批量插入。
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def insert_bulk(self, index: str, data: list) -> None:
"""
ES中插入單條數據
:param index: 索引
:param data: 數據內容
:return:
"""
logger.info(helpers.bulk(self.client, data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
data = [{'_index': 'user-info', "username": "alex1", "age": 11},
{'_index': 'user-info', "username": "alex2", "age": 12},
{'_index': 'user-info', "username": "alex3", "age": 13}]
es.insert_bulk('user-info', data)結果
2023-08-07 19:45:05.499 | INFO | __main__:insert_bulk:20 - (3, [])discover查看數據
圖片
reindex
如果我們想查詢指定條件的數據，將結果寫入新的index中，使用elasticsearch包的話，需要調用查詢和寫入兩步操作，而借助helpers包，我們只需要調用reindex即可。
例如我們通過reindex操作把logs-myapp-default中的access_status字段值為502的日志復制到名為error-log的index中，DSL語法如下：
POST _reindex
{
"source": {
"index": "logs-myapp-default",
"query": {
"terms": {
"access_status": [
"502",
"503",
"504"
]
}
}
},
"dest": {
"index": "error-log"
}
}通過python客戶端代碼實現如下：
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch, helpers
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.client = Elasticsearch(
hosts='https://localhost:9200',
ca_certs="certs/http_ca.crt",
basic_auth=('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
)
def reindex(self, source_index: str, target_index: str, query: dict) -> None:
"""
ES reindex指定條件的數據到新的index中
:param source_index: 原數據索引
:param target_index: 目的數據索引
:param query: 查詢條件
:return:
"""
logger.info(helpers.reindex(self.client, source_index=source_index, target_index=target_index, query=query))
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
query = {"query": {"bool": {"filter": [{"terms": {"access_status": ["502", "503", "504"]}}, {
"range": {"@timestamp": {"gte": "2023-08-07T17:20:00.000+08:00", "lt": "2023-08-07T17:30:00.000+08:00"}}}]}}}
es.reindex('logs-myapp-default', 'error-log', query)執行結果
2023-08-08 15:42:05.370 | INFO | __main__:reindex:31 - (173, 0)kibana查看
圖片
集群操作
使用場景
在日常的運維中，我們除了對索引中的數據進行頻繁的操作外，也會對集群以及索引進行操作。此時Python客戶端就不能滿足我們的需求，我們可以通過httpx庫，調用es的api接口完成集群層面的操作。
例如我們可以開發定時任務或者故障自愈程序，當發現ES集群處于yellow或red狀態時，掃描出異常的索引分片，根據故障原因自動調整索引配置，從而解決故障。
圖片
使用示例
以下演示通過程序自動掃描處于yellow狀態的索引，并自動調整副本數完成故障處理。由于是演示效果，所有故障類型和故障解決方案很單一，實際生產情況中可能會遇到各種故障，我們可以更具不同的故障類型制定不同的解決方案。集群常見異常以及處理步驟參考文檔：https://www.cuiliangblog.cn/detail/section/82848020
import ssl
from json import JSONDecodeError
import httpx
from loguru import logger
class ES:
def __init__(self):
self.base_url = "https://localhost:9200"
self.header = {'Content-type': 'application/json', 'kbn-xsrf': 'reporting'}
self.auth = ('elastic', 'ANrjs2w+upw0O1a1Yuka')
self.context = ssl.create_default_context()
self.context.load_verify_locations(cafile='certs/http_ca.crt')
@staticmethod
def __format_result(res):
if res.status_code == 200:
try:
logger.info(res.json())
return res.json()
except JSONDecodeError:
logger.info(res.text)
return res.text
else:
logger.error(res.raise_for_status())
return None
def get(self, url):
res = httpx.get(self.base_url + url, headers=self.header, auth=self.auth, verify=self.context)
return self.__format_result(res)
def put(self, url, data):
res = httpx.put(self.base_url + url, data=data, headers=self.header, auth=self.auth, verify=self.context)
return self.__format_result(res)
if __name__ == '__main__':
es = ES()
# 獲取集群狀態
es_status_result = es.get('/_cluster/health')
es_status = es_status_result['status']
logger.info("ES集群當前狀態為%s" % es_status)
if es_status != 'green':
# 檢查哪些索引異常
error_indices_result = es.get('/_cat/indices?health=' + es_status)
error_indices = []
for i in error_indices_result.split("\n")[:-1]:
error_indices.append(i.split(" ")[2])
logger.info("ES集群異常索引分片名稱為%s" % error_indices)
for indices in error_indices:
# 更新索引副本數設置
data = '{"index": {"number_of_replicas": 0}}'
es.put('/' + indices + '/_settings', data)
logger.info("已將%s索引副本數設為0" % indices)執行結果
2023-08-08 17:37:35.262 | INFO | __main__:__format_result:20 - {'cluster_name': 'docker-cluster', 'status': 'yellow', 'timed_out': False, 'number_of_nodes': 1, 'number_of_data_nodes': 1, 'active_primary_shards': 66, 'active_shards': 66, 'relocating_shards': 0, 'initializing_shards': 0, 'unassigned_shards': 2, 'delayed_unassigned_shards': 0, 'number_of_pending_tasks': 0, 'number_of_in_flight_fetch': 0, 'task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis': 0, 'active_shards_percent_as_number': 97.05882352941177}
2023-08-08 17:37:35.262 | INFO | __main__:<module>:43 - ES集群當前狀態為yellow
2023-08-08 17:37:36.929 | INFO | __main__:__format_result:23 - yellow open error-log FRxfDibrSpGRx4RB-XuuUw 1 1 173 0 173.9kb 173.9kb
yellow open test_index ZucbZ71pT6CGpZ9H96OvYw 1 1 0 0 247b 247b
2023-08-08 17:37:36.929 | INFO | __main__:<module>:51 - ES集群異常索引分片名稱為['error-log', 'test_index']
2023-08-08 17:37:37.147 | INFO | __main__:__format_result:20 - {'acknowledged': True}
2023-08-08 17:37:37.147 | INFO | __main__:<module>:56 - 已將error-log索引副本數設為0
2023-08-08 17:37:37.285 | INFO | __main__:__format_result:20 - {'acknowledged': True}
2023-08-08 17:37:37.286 | INFO | __main__:<module>:56 - 已將test_index索引副本數設為0接下來我們查看Kibana驗證，已經所有異常索引副本數改為1，集群恢復正常。
參考文檔
python客戶端連接ES配置：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/python-api/current/connecting.html
Python操作ES常用示例：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/python-api/current/examples.html
helpers模塊使用示例：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/python-api/current/client-helpers.html
責任編輯：武曉燕
來源：
崔亮的博客
