Oracle 11g 單機環境安裝補丁實戰

作者：雪竹頻道 2022-11-29 17:03:00

本文分享了非RAC數據庫的打補丁的詳細過程，隨手一記，以備不時之需。

一、概述

數據庫作為企業的核心應用節點之一，其穩定性至關重要，但是一些產品bug對oracle數據庫的使用產生很大的影響，有些bug，我們通過調整參數來規避，但是一些bug需要打補丁才能解決。作為DBA，掌握給數據庫打補丁是一項必備的技能，本文分享一下在 Oracle 11g 數據庫上應用 PSU 補丁的步驟。

二、過程步驟

1、安裝OPATCH 實用程序

（1）從 Oracle 支持門戶下載補丁

（2）驗證補丁版本：

opatch 實用程序用于將補丁應用到數據庫。所以在應用補丁之前，我們需要檢查補丁是否支持現有的opatch版本。因此，請參閱補丁的自述文件以了解最低支持版本。

根據補丁自述文件：
1.2.1 OPatch 實用程序您必須使用 OPatch 實用程序版本 11.2.0.3.6 或更高版本才能應用此補丁。Oracle 建議您使用適用于 11.2 的最新發布的 OPatch 版本，該版本可通過選擇 11.2.0.0.0 版本從 My Oracle Support 補丁 6880880 下載。有關 OPatch 文檔的信息，包括任何已知問題，請參閱 My Oracle Support Document 293369.1 OPatch 文檔列表。

所以對于這個補丁，opatch版本應該是11.2.0.3.6或者更高版本

讓我們檢查數據庫中現有的 opatch 版本。

echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4
OPatch succeeded.

現有版本為 11.2.0.3.4，低于要求的版本。所以我們需要安裝所需的 opatch 實用程序。

（3）安裝 OPATCH 實用程序

從 Oracle 支持鏈接下載 opatch 實用程序 – 6880880.

將 zip 復制到 ORACLE_HOME。

$ cp p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip $ORACLE_HOME/

對現有的 OPatch 目錄進行備份

cd $ORACLE_HOME
mv  OPatch  OPatch.bak

解壓縮 zip 文件。

unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip

檢查opatch版本

$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.19

OPatch succeeded.

現在讓我們繼續 PSU 補丁安裝。

2、安裝 PSU 補丁

（1）復制并解壓 PATCH ZIP 文件

unzip p27734982_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
ls -ltr
total 243220
drwxr-xr-x 21 oracle oinstall 4096 May 31 12:49 27734982
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 93035 Jul 17 13:15 PatchSearch.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 140724601 Oct 8 09:17 p27734982_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

（2）再次檢查 ORACLE_HOME 是否有沖突

- go to patch folder.
cd 27734982
[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-35-06AM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"
Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.
OPatch succeeded.

（3）關閉數據庫和偵聽器

shutdown immediate;

lsnrctl stop LISTENER_DMCRM

注意– 如果任何 Goldengate 進程正在 ORACLE_HOME 上運行，那么這些進程都需要關閉。

（4）檢查活動的可執行文件

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables -ph ./。

[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables -ph ./
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
PREREQ session
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-35-58AM_1.log
Invoking prereq "checkactivefilesandexecutables"
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 17478514 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 18031668 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 18522509 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 19121551 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 19769489 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 20299013 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 20760982 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 21352635 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 21948347 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 22502456 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 23054359 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 24006111 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 24732075 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 25869727 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 26609445 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 26392168 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 26925576 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 27338049 passed.
Prereq "checkActiveFilesAndExecutables" for patch 27734982 passed.
OPatch succeeded.

（5）應用補丁

cd 27734982 $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/ opatch apply。

[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-36-41AM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches: 17478514 18031668 18522509 19121551 19769489 20299013 20760982 21352635 21948347 22502456 23054359 24006111 24732075 25869727 26609445 26392168 26925576 27338049 27734982

Do you want to proceed? [y|n] ----------------------->> Press Y
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.
Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name:
You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Y ---- > Press Y
Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1')
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n] -- >> Press Y
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying sub-patch '17478514' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1'
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.sdo, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.ctx.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rman, 11.2.0.4.0...
OPatch found the word "error" in the stderr of the make command.
Please look at this stderr. You can re-run this make command.
Stderr output:
chmod: changing permissions of `/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/extjobO': Operation not permitted
make: [iextjob] Error 1 (ignored)
Composite patch 27734982 successfully applied.
OPatch Session completed with warnings.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-36-41AM_1.log

OPatch completed with warnings.

修補完成。可以忽略警告。

（6）驗證補丁是否已經更新

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory。

[27734982]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2018-10-08_09-41-09AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2018-10-08_09-41-09AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname:
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch 27734982 : applied on Mon Oct 08 09:39:20 AST 2018
Unique Patch ID: 22229176
Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180717 (27734982)"
Created on 31 May 2018, 01:37:49 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch 27338049; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180417 (27338049)"
Sub-patch 26925576; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.180116 (26925576)"
Sub-patch 26392168; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.171017 (26392168)"
Sub-patch 26609445; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.170814 (26609445)"
Sub-patch 25869727; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.170718 (25869727)"
Sub-patch 24732075; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.170418 (24732075)"
Sub-patch 24006111; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.161018 (24006111)"
Sub-patch 23054359; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160719 (23054359)"
Sub-patch 22502456; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160419 (22502456)"
Sub-patch 21948347; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160119 (21948347)"
Sub-patch 21352635; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.8 (21352635)"
Sub-patch 20760982; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.7 (20760982)"
Sub-patch 20299013; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299013)"
Sub-patch 19769489; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.5 (19769489)"
Sub-patch 19121551; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.4 (19121551)"
Sub-patch 18522509; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.3 (18522509)"
Sub-patch 18031668; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
Bugs fixed:
21174504, 17184721, 21538558, 16091637, 18092127, 17381384, 15979965
20671094, 16731148, 16314254, 13837378, 18441944, 17835048, 13558557
17008068, 17201159, 25427662, 17853498, 20717359, 17246576, 18356166
18681862, 18440047, 20569094, 20031873, 16875449, 20387265, 19788842
17296856, 21330264, 14010183, 17648596, 17551063, 17025461, 24719736
17267114, 22507210, 17912217, 17889583, 18202441, 17040764, 17478145
16524926, 25655390, 19358317, 22148226, 18747196, 26544823, 18641419
17036973, 18948177, 17811789, 16542886, 14285317, 18009564, 16618694
8322815, 16832076, 18247991, 16692232, 22507234, 17570240, 13871092
24624166, 24348685, 17848897, 17441661, 14034426, 17465741, 16596890
17437634, 21343897, 20506706, 21453153, 18339044, 17951233, 22321741
21795111, 18430495, 21787056, 22380919, 19469538, 20506715, 17811429
19721304, 17903598, 18230522, 19554106, 19458377, 21281607, 17612828
6599380, 22092979, 22321756, 17040527, 17811438, 18641461, 14657740
13364795, 21387964, 19490948, 17346671, 17588480, 22351572, 18235390
26474853, 18849970, 17889549, 19309466, 16472716, 20596234, 18331850
18641451, 17344412, 21179898, 19461270, 17546761, 24842886, 14521849
18203835, 18203838, 18964939, 18203837, 17313525, 22195457, 18139690
16837842, 22296366, 14106803, 17842825, 21352646, 22657942, 16360112
20657441, 22195441, 17389192, 26198926, 14565184, 17205719, 18440095
14764829, 22195448, 14354737, 13944971, 16571443, 21868720, 17186905
17080436, 18673342, 22905130, 17027426, 27374796, 19972569, 19972568
20144308, 19972566, 17282229, 19972564, 16870214, 21629064, 19615136
21354456, 17390431, 18762750, 23007241, 16613964, 17957017, 18098207
18471685, 19730508, 21538485, 18264060, 17323222, 17754782, 17600719
18317531, 17852463, 17596908, 17655634, 16228604, 27053456, 20074391
19972570, 18090142, 18996843, 19854503, 16042673, 17835627, 20334344
17393683, 20861693, 18000422, 17551709, 26575788, 23315889, 20506699
19006849, 18277454, 18456514, 19174430, 17258090, 17174582, 25654936
17242746, 16399083, 17824637, 21132297, 22465352, 17762296, 22168163
17397545, 16450169, 12364061, 20067212, 18856999, 19211724, 19463893
19463897, 21343775, 17853456, 18673304, 20004021, 26030218, 21668627
16194160, 17477958, 16538760, 12982566, 24570598, 20828947, 18259031
20296213, 18293054, 17610798, 19699191, 23065323, 17311728, 18135678
18774543, 23294548, 16785708, 10136473, 24560906, 22551446, 19777862
17786518, 18315328, 18334586, 12747740, 18096714, 19032867, 21641760
17390160, 18899974, 17232014, 20598042, 18673325, 16422541, 18155762
14015842, 19827973, 22683225, 17726838, 18554871, 23177648, 18051556
20803583, 21972320, 15990359, 17922254, 18282562, 16855292, 16668584
21343838, 20299015, 17446237, 18093615, 18043064, 23713236, 17694209
17288409, 18308268, 20475845, 17274537, 13955826, 16934803, 17634921
17501491, 16315398, 23725036, 22683212, 17006183, 13829543, 18191164
17655240, 26746894, 22809871, 18384391, 19393542, 21538567, 16198143
21847223, 25823754, 17892268, 20142975, 19584068, 17165204, 25165496
18604493, 21756699, 18508861, 16901385, 18554763, 21532755, 18189036
17443671, 17385178, 14829250, 17936109, 20925795, 20509482, 17478514
27441326, 16850630, 13951456, 16595641, 14054676, 15861775, 21142837
16912439, 17299889, 17297939, 23003979, 18619917, 16833527, 17798953
17816865, 18607546, 17571306, 21286665, 17341326, 26910644, 17851160
20558005, 17586955, 19049453, 21051840, 17587063, 16956380, 18328509
25423453, 14133975, 18061914, 18522509, 21051833, 20294666, 18765602
20860659, 20324049, 18199537, 17332800, 13609098, 22502493, 18384537
14338435, 17945983, 16392068, 21067387, 17752995, 21051862, 16863422
25505382, 17237521, 18244962, 19544839, 24433711, 24717859, 17156148
18973907, 23026585, 17877323, 17449815, 18180390, 17088068, 17037130
20004087, 21422580, 19466309, 11733603, 25505371, 21051858, 18084625
18674024, 21051852, 18091059, 25369547, 16306373, 18306996, 17787259
18193833, 19915271, 20513399, 20631274, 25879656, 16344544, 14692762
18614015, 17346091, 18228645, 17721717, 18436307, 21756677, 19888853
11883252, 17891943, 19475971, 22353199, 16384983, 19121551, 27825893
12816846, 17982555, 17761775, 22243719, 17265217, 25505394, 17071721
16721594, 18262334, 21756661, 17891946, 15913355, 17672719, 17602269
17239687, 17042658, 17238511, 17811456, 17284817, 17752121, 20879889
21380789, 17394950, 17011832, 16579084, 22195465, 14602788, 18325460
24476265, 26569225, 24476274, 12611721, 16903536, 17006570, 19689979
16043574, 18783224, 24662775, 16494615, 21526048, 17392698, 19197175
16069901, 17811447, 27870645, 17308789, 22195477, 24835538, 17865671
17343514, 19013183, 17325413, 18316692, 16180763, 17348614, 14368995
21983325, 17393915, 16285691, 19211433, 20331945, 17883081, 17705023
24316947, 17614227, 19578350, 22195485, 14084247, 13645875, 16777840
19727057, 14852021, 18744139, 18674047, 17716305, 19285025, 18482502
27534509, 17622427, 19289642, 22195492, 25947799, 14458214, 20869721
21172913, 17767676, 18723434, 25505407, 17786278, 19258504, 17082983
21351877, 17365043, 13498382, 18331812, 16065166, 25489607, 16685417
18031668, 22893153, 16943711, 19272701, 21517440, 25897615, 17649265
13866822, 18094246, 24528741, 17783588, 14245531, 17082359, 18280813
20448824, 23330119, 16268425, 19487147, 25600421, 18018515, 17302277
17215560, 24411921, 19271443, 25764020, 17016369, 20777150, 23330124
16756406, 20441797, 19769489, 28100487, 17545847, 25093656, 18260550
13853126, 17227277, 23536835, 25957038, 24652769, 19207117, 9756271
18868646, 17614134, 26667023, 17546973, 18704244, 19680952, 26667015
17050888, 18828868, 18273830, 17360606, 16992075, 24563422, 17375354
12905058, 18362222, 21429602, 27086138, 17571039, 17468141, 18436647
17235750, 21168487, 16220077, 16929165
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.

（7）啟動數據庫和監聽器

STARTUP
lsnrctl start LISTENER_DMCRM

（8）運行補丁后腳本

cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
@catbundle.sql psu apply
quit

（9）編譯無效對象

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

（10）檢查補丁情況

select action_time,action from dba_registry_history;
ACTION_TIME ACTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
21-APR-15 08.52.24.728992 AM APPLY
08-OCT-18 09.43.41.923815 AM APPLY
2 rows selected.

三、小結

本文分享了非RAC數據庫的打補丁的詳細過程，隨手一記，以備不時之需。

責任編輯：姜華來源：今日頭條

數據庫 Oracle