跟著小白一起學(xué)鴻蒙—如何編譯Hap程序（十七）

作者：王石胡瑞濤 2022-11-24 14:34:41

系統(tǒng) OpenHarmony

本篇我們來學(xué)習(xí)如何在鴻蒙環(huán)境下編譯Hap程序。

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安裝使用說明(Open-Harmony)

在開源鴻蒙系統(tǒng)下

藍(lán)牙專項(xiàng)應(yīng)用程序路徑為：foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/BluetoothTest
目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

.
├── example
│   ├── BluetoothTest
│   │   ├── build-profile.json5
│   │   ├── hvigorfile.js
│   │   ├── package.json
│   │   ├── package-lock.json
│   │   ├── BUILD.gn
│   │   ├── entry/src/main
│   │   │   ├── config.json
│   │   │   ├── ets
│   │   │   │   ├── Component
│   │   │   │   ├── MainAbility
│   │   │   │   │   ├── app.ets
│   │   │   │   │   ├── controller
│   │   │   │   │   ├── model
│   │   │   │   │   ├── pages
│   │   │   │   │   └── res
│   │   │   │   │       └── image
│   │   │   │   ├── MainAbility2 
│   │   │   │   └── Utils
│   │   │   └── resources
│   │   │       └── base
│   │   │           ├── element
│   │   │           └── media
│   │   └── signature
├── fuzztest
├── moduletest
└── unittest

在開源鴻蒙下的編譯，是套用了原本系統(tǒng)中編寫好的hap程序編譯模板，因此保留了一些模板中的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：MainAbility2 和config.json中的js語句；對程序本身的編譯沒有影響。
在bundle.json中添加編譯命令。

路徑為：foundation/communication/bluetooth/bundle.json
命令為：
"test": [
   ...
   "http://foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/example_btTest:BluetoothTest"
]

添加BUILD.gn

foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/BluetoothTest/BUILD.gn
import("http://test/xts/tools/build/suite.gni")
ohos_hap("BluetoothTest") {
  hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
  hap_name = "BluetoothTest"
  subsystem_name = XTS_SUITENAME
  final_hap_path =
      "${SUITES_OUTPUT_ROOT}/${XTS_SUITENAME}/testcases/${hap_name}.hap"
  deps = [
    ":bluetooth_resources",
    ":bluetooth_ts_assets",
  ]
  certificate_profile = "signature/auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.bttest.p7b"
}

ohos_js_assets("bluetooth_ts_assets") {
  source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
  hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
  ets2abc = true
}

ohos_resources("bluetooth_resources") {
  sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources" ]
  hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
}

創(chuàng)建signature文件夾，添加簽名文件。

路徑為:foundation/communication/bluetooth/test/example/example_btTest/signature
簽名文件為：Dev-Eco自動簽名生成的文件：auto_ohos_default_com.ohos.bttest.p7b

config.json

{
  "app": {
    "vendor": "samples",
    "bundleName": "ohos.samples.bttest",
    "version": {
      "code": 1000000,
      "name": "1.0.0"
    },
    "apiVersion": {
      "compatible": 8,
      "target": 8
   }
  },
  "deviceConfig": {},
  "module": {
    "mainAbility": ".MainAbility",
    "deviceType": [
      "default",
      "phone"
    ],
    "reqPermissions": [
      {
        "reason": "",
        "name": "ohos.permission.DISCOVER_BLUETOOTH"
      },
      {
        "reason": "",
        "name": "ohos.permission.USE_BLUETOOTH"
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION"
      }
    ],
    "abilities": [
      {
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "action.system.home"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "orientation": "unspecified",
        "visible": true,
        "srcPath": "MainAbility",
        "name": ".MainAbility",
        "srcLanguage": "ets",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "description": "$string:MainAbility_desc",
        "formsEnabled": false,
        "label": "$string:MainAbility_label",
        "type": "page",
        "launchType": "singleton"
      },
      {
        "orientation": "unspecified",
        "visible": true,
        "srcPath": "MainAbility2",
        "name": ".MainAbility2",
        "srcLanguage": "ets",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "description": "$string:MainAbility2_desc",
        "formsEnabled": false,
        "label": "$string:MainAbility2_label",
        "type": "page",
        "launchType": "singleton"
      }
    ],
    "distro": {
      "moduleType": "entry",
      "installationFree": false,
      "deliveryWithInstall": true,
      "moduleName": "entry"
    },
    "package": "ohos.samples.bttest",
    "srcPath": "",
    "name": ".entry",
    "js": [
      {
        "mode": {
          "syntax": "ets",
          "type": "pageAbility"
        },
        "pages": [
          "pages/homePage",
          "pages/manualApiTestPage",
           ...
        ],
        "name": ".MainAbility",
        "window": {
          "designWidth": 720,
          "autoDesignWidth": false
        }
      },
      {
        "mode": {
          "syntax": "ets",
          "type": "pageAbility"
        },
        "pages": [
          "pages/index"
        ],
        "name": ".MainAbility2",
        "window": {
          "designWidth": 720,
          "autoDesignWidth": false
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

編譯命令

# 全量編譯
./build.sh --product-name {product_name}

# 單獨(dú)編譯HAP
./build.sh --product-name {product_name} --build-target BluetoothTest

生成文件

使用 find out -name “BluetoothTest.hap*” 查找生成文件，或者直接查看config.json所寫的生成路徑。
將生成文件拷到本地電腦上，連接板子，使用命令hdc_std.exe install BluetoothTest進(jìn)行安裝。
使用命令hdc_std uninstall {安裝包名} 進(jìn)行卸載。
安裝包名在entry\src\main\config.json 如："bundleName": "com.ohos.bttest"

補(bǔ)充
在鴻蒙系統(tǒng)下編譯，仍存在高版本對低版本的編譯不兼容性問題。即在mater版本下編譯的hap無法在beta2版本運(yùn)行；反之則可以。
可能出現(xiàn)的編譯報錯

一些屬性必須初始化一個默認(rèn)值。如：The @State property ‘bgColor’ ‘settingArrow’ ‘settingSummary’ must be specified a default value。
注意引用路徑中的文件名大小寫問題。
一些屬性名與關(guān)鍵詞或類名重復(fù)會起沖突。如：Property ‘height’/“onClick”/“enabled” in type ‘EntryComponent’ is not assignable to the same property in base type 'CustomComponent。將其改成例如"isOnClick"/"isEnabled"即可。
一些資源，如：@State settingSummary: Resource 必須是resource 不能加 |string 或者賦值為string。Type ‘Resource’ is not assignable to type ‘string’. 反之同理。Type ‘string’ is not assignable to type ‘Resource’。

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責(zé)任編輯：jianghua 來源： 51CTO開源基礎(chǔ)軟件社區(qū)