如何在CentOS 7用cPanel配置Nginx反向代理
作者：Saheetha Shameer
Nginx 是最快和最強大的 Web 服務(wù)器之一，以其高性能和低資源占用率而聞名。它既可以被安裝為一個獨立的 Web 服務(wù)器，也可以安裝成反向代理 Web 服務(wù)器。在這篇文章，我將討論在安裝了 cPanel 管理系統(tǒng)的 Centos 7 服務(wù)器上安裝 Nginx 作為 Apache 的反向代理服務(wù)器。
Nginx 是最快和最強大的 Web 服務(wù)器之一，以其高性能和低資源占用率而聞名。它既可以被安裝為一個獨立的 Web 服務(wù)器，也可以安裝成反向代理 Web 服務(wù)器。在這篇文章，我將討論在安裝了 cPanel 管理系統(tǒng)的 Centos 7 服務(wù)器上安裝 Nginx 作為 Apache 的反向代理服務(wù)器。
Nginx 作為前端服務(wù)器用反向代理為靜態(tài)文件提供服務(wù)，Apache 作為后端為動態(tài)文件提供服務(wù)。這個設(shè)置將整體提高服務(wù)器的性能。
讓我們過一遍在已經(jīng)安裝好 cPanel 11.52 的 CentOS 7 x86_64 服務(wù)器上配置 Nginx 作為反向代理的安裝過程。
首先，我們需要安裝 EPEL 庫來啟動這個進(jìn)程
第一步: 安裝 EPEL 庫
- root@server1 [/usr]# yum -y install epel-release
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, tsflags, universal-hooks
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * EA4: 66.23.237.210
- * base: mirrors.linode.com
- * extras: mirrors.linode.com
- * updates: mirrors.linode.com
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-5 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ========================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ========================================================================================
- Installing:
- epel-release noarch 7-5 extras 14 k
第二步: 可以安裝 nDeploy 的 CentOS RPM 庫來安裝我們所需的 nDeploy Web 類軟件和 Nginx 插件
- root@server1 [/usr]# yum -y install http://rpm.piserve.com/nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, tsflags, universal-hooks
- nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm | 1.7 kB 00:00:00
- Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-ei5tWJ/nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm: nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch
- Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-ei5tWJ/nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm to be installed
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package nDeploy-release-centos.noarch 0:1.0-1 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ========================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ========================================================================================
- Installing:
- nDeploy-release-centos noarch 1.0-1 /nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch 110
第三步：安裝 nDeploy 和 Nginx nDeploy 插件
- root@server1 [/usr]# yum --enablerepo=ndeploy install nginx-nDeploy nDeploy
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, tsflags, universal-hooks
- epel/x86_64/metalink | 9.9 kB 00:00:00
- epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
- ndeploy | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
- (1/4): ndeploy/7/x86_64/primary_db | 14 kB 00:00:00
- (2/4): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 169 kB 00:00:00
- (3/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 3.7 MB 00:00:02
- Dependencies Resolved
- ========================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ========================================================================================
- Installing:
- nDeploy noarch 2.0-11.el7 ndeploy 80 k
- nginx-nDeploy x86_64 1.8.0-34.el7 ndeploy 36 M
- Installing for dependencies:
- PyYAML x86_64 3.10-11.el7 base 153 k
- libevent x86_64 2.0.21-4.el7 base 214 k
- memcached x86_64 1.4.15-9.el7 base 84 k
- python-inotify noarch 0.9.4-4.el7 base 49 k
- python-lxml x86_64 3.2.1-4.el7 base 758 k
- Transaction Summary
- ========================================================================================
- Install 2 Packages (+5 Dependent packages)
通過以上這些步驟，我們完成了在我們的服務(wù)器上 Nginx 插件的安裝。現(xiàn)在我們可以配置 Nginx 作為反向代理和為已有的 cPanel 用戶賬戶創(chuàng)建虛擬主機，為此我們可以運行如下腳本。
第四步：啟動 Nginx 作為默認(rèn)的前端 Web 服務(wù)器，并創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)的配置文件
- root@server1 [/usr]# /opt/nDeploy/scripts/cpanel-nDeploy-setup.sh enable
- Modifying apache http and https port in cpanel
- httpd restarted successfully.
- Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
- Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ndeploy_watcher.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ndeploy_watcher.service.
- Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ndeploy_backends.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ndeploy_backends.service.
- ConfGen:: saheetha
- ConfGen:: satest
你可以看到這個腳本將修改 Apache 的端口從 80 到另一個端口來讓 Nginx 作為前端 Web 服務(wù)器，并為現(xiàn)有的 cPanel 用戶創(chuàng)建虛擬主機配置文件。一旦完成，確認(rèn) Apache 和 Nginx 的狀態(tài)。
Apache 狀態(tài)：
- root@server1 [/var/run/httpd]# systemctl status httpd
- ● httpd.service - Apache Web Server
- Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
- Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-01-18 06:34:23 UTC; 12s ago
- Process: 25606 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
- Main PID: 24760 (httpd)
- CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
- ‣ 24760 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
- Jan 18 06:34:23 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting Apache Web Server...
- Jan 18 06:34:23 server1.centos7-test.com apachectl[25606]: httpd (pid 24760) already running
- Jan 18 06:34:23 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started Apache Web Server.
Nginx 狀態(tài)：
- root@server1 [~]# systemctl status nginx
- ● nginx.service - nginx-nDeploy - high performance web server
- Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
- Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-01-17 17:18:29 UTC; 13h ago
- Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
- Main PID: 3833 (nginx)
- CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
- ├─ 3833 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- ├─25473 nginx: worker process
- ├─25474 nginx: worker process
- └─25475 nginx: cache manager process
- Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting nginx-nDeploy - high performance web server...
- Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com nginx[3804]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
- Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com nginx[3804]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
- Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started nginx-nDeploy - high performance web server.
Nginx 作為前端服務(wù)器運行在 80 端口，Apache 配置被更改為監(jiān)聽 http 端口 9999 和 https 端口 4430。請看他們的情況：
- root@server1 [/usr/local/src]# netstat -plan | grep httpd
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4430 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17270/httpd
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9999 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17270/httpd
- tcp6 0 0 :::4430 :::* LISTEN 17270/httpd
- tcp6 0 0 :::9999 :::* LISTEN 17270/httpd
apacheport
- root@server1 [/usr/local/src]# netstat -plan | grep nginx
- tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17802/nginx: master
- tcp 0 0 45.79.183.73:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17802/nginx: master
為已有用戶創(chuàng)建的虛擬主機的配置文件在 “/etc/nginx/sites-enabled”。 這個文件路徑包含了 Nginx 主要配置文件。
- root@server1 [/etc/nginx/sites-enabled]# ll | grep .conf
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 311 Jan 17 09:02 saheetha.com.conf
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 336 Jan 17 09:02 saheethastest.com.conf
一個域名的示例虛擬主機：
- server {
- listen 45.79.183.73:80;
- #CPIPVSIX:80;
- # ServerNames
- server_name saheetha.com www.saheetha.com;
- access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/saheetha.com main;
- access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/saheetha.com-bytes_log bytes_log;
- include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/saheetha.com.include;
- }
我們可以啟動瀏覽器查看網(wǎng)站來確定 Web 服務(wù)器的工作狀態(tài)。安裝后，請閱讀服務(wù)器上的 web 服務(wù)信息。
- root@server1 [/home]# ip a | grep -i eth0
- 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
- inet 45.79.183.73/24 brd 45.79.183.255 scope global dynamic eth0
- root@server1 [/home]# nginx -v
- nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
webserver-status
Nginx 將會為任何最新在 cPanel 中創(chuàng)建的賬戶創(chuàng)建虛擬主機。通過這些簡單的的步驟，我們能夠在一臺 CentOS 7 / cPanel 的服務(wù)器上配置 Nginx 作為反向代理。
Nginx 作為反向代理的優(yōu)勢
- 便于安裝和配置。
- 效率高、性能好。
- 防止 Ddos 攻擊。
- 支持使用 .htaccess 作為 PHP 的重寫規(guī)則。
我希望這篇文章對你們有用。感謝你看它。我非常高興收到你的寶貴意見和建議，并進(jìn)一步改善。
責(zé)任編輯：龐桂玉
來源：
Linux中國
