三步安裝完成nginx負載均衡設置
作者：佚名
首先我們要營造一個JAVA環境來支撐我們的nginx負載均衡的配置環境。那么作為前提條件，要清楚IP地址的信息，和一些軟件的安裝信息。
在反向代理的配置中，nginx的服務器負載均衡存在很多優勢，不少企業都用這種軟件環境進行業務流程。那么現在就來為大家介紹一下nginx負載均衡器的軟件配置過程。包含的內容比較多，那么大家可以仔細瀏覽一下。
Nginx負載均衡器的優點許多,簡單概括為:
①實現了可彈性化的架構,在壓力增大的時候可以臨時添加tomcat服務器添加到這個架構里面去;
②upstream具有負載均衡能力,可以自動判斷下面的機器,并且自動踢出不能正常提供服務的機器;而Keepalvied可保證單個nginx負載均衡器的有效性,避免單點故障.
IP地址
nginx(主負載均衡器):192.168.1.106
nginx(從負載均衡器):192.168.1.107
VIP地址:192.168.1.108
tomcat1的IP:192.168.1.102
tomcat2的IP:192.168.1.103
tomcat3的IP:192.168.1.105
布置整個環境用到的軟件為:
- apache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz
- jdk-6u16-linux-i586.bin
- nginx-0.7.17.tar.gz
- prce-7.7.tar.gz
①首先分別在3臺tomcat主機上布置java環境,安裝tomcat,具體步驟為:
安裝java環境:
- JDK的安裝
- #chmod +x jdk-6u16-linux-i586.bin
- #./jdk-6u16-linux-i586.bin
- 到此JDK已經安裝完成
- 建立符號鏈接
- # ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16/bin/java /usr/bin/java
- # ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac
- ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16 /usr/local/jdk
- ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16/jre /usr/local/jre
- TOMCAT的安裝
- #tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz
- #mv apache-tomcat-6.0.20 /usr/local/tomcat
設置環境變量: vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local,以追加的形式添加如下內容
- JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
- export JAVA_HOME
- JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jre
- export JRE_HOME
- CLASSPATH=/usr/local/tomcat/common/lib/:/usr/local/jdk/lib:/usr/local/jre/lib
- export CLASSPATH
- PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/usr/local/jre/bin
- export PATH
- TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
- export TOMCAT_HOME
- 重啟服務器,啟動tomcat以檢查是否存在錯誤:
- #cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin
- #./startup.sh
- http://IP地址:8080 可以看到貓頭:)成功了｡
#p#②分別在二臺nginx負載均衡器上安裝nginx及配置
下載及安裝nginx:
- wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
- tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
- cd pcre-7.7/
- ./configure
- make && make install
- wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.17.tar.gz
- tar zxvf nginx-0.7.17.tar.gz
- cd nginx-0.7.17/
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
- make && make install
這里貼上nginx.conf配置文件,不加任何說明,方便用X-shell直接粘貼,很人性化的噢:)二個nginx負載均衡器的文件一樣,配置完成后分別用/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx啟動｡
- user nobody nobody;
- worker_processes 1;
- pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
- worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
- events
- {
- use epoll;
- worker_connections 51200;
- }
- http{
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
- client_header_buffer_size 32k;
- large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
- client_max_body_size 8m;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- keepalive_timeout 60;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
- fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
- fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
- fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
- fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
- fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
- fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
- gzip on;
- gzip_min_length 1k;
- gzip_buffers 4 16k;
- gzip_http_version 1.0;
- gzip_comp_level 2;
- gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
- gzip_vary on;
- upstream backend
- {
- server 192.168.1.102:8080;
- server 192.168.1.103:8080;
- server 192.168.1.105:8080;
- }
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.yuhongchun027.com;
- location / {
- root /var/www ;
- index index.jsp index.htm index.html;
- proxy_redirect off;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_pass http://backend;
- }
- #location /nginx {
- #access_log on;
- #auth_basic "NginxStatus";
- #auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;
- #}
- log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
- access_log /var/log/access.log access;
- }
- }
#p#③在二臺Nginx機上安裝及配置keepalived,做雙機互備｡
- #wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
- #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
- #cd keepalived-1.1.15
- #./configure
- #make
- #make install
- 將keepalived做成啟動腳務,方便管理:
- #cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
- #cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
- #mkdir /etc/keepalived
- #cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
- #cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
- #service keepalived start|stop
在二臺Nginx上,我分別貼出keepalived.conf配置文件,配置完成后分別用service keepalived start啟動｡檢驗keepalived是否成功可用命令
- ip avrrp_instance VI_INET1 {
- state MASTER
- interface eth0
- virtual_router_id 53
- priority 200
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type pass
- auth_pass yourpass
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.1.108
- }
- }
- vrrp_instance VI_INET1 {
- state BACKUP
- interface eth0
- virtual_router_id 53
- priority 100
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type pass
- auth_pass yourpass
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.1.108
- }
- }
以上三步完成nginx負載均衡設置后,就是檢測了,大家可任意停掉其中一臺的任何服務;在正常結果中大家應該發現,其中任意一臺服務器宕機后,不影響整個系統的運作｡
責任編輯：佟健
來源：
互聯網
